Jumper wires are used to make connections between different components such as Arduino, motor driver, and ultrasonic sensor. They come in male-to-male, female-to-male, and female-to-female types, ensuring compatibility with headers and breadboards. In this project, jumper wires carry signals and power across the circuit. Their flexibility and reusability make them perfect for prototyping robotics projects without soldering. Proper wiring ensures that the robot works correctly without loose connections. Using jumper wires also makes it easy for learners to understand the circuit layout and modify it for improvements or troubleshooting when required.