Course Content
1. Arduino UNO Board
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2. Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
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3. Motor Driver Module (L293D or L298N)
A motor driver module is required because Arduino cannot directly supply enough current to run DC motors. The L293D or L298N motor driver acts as a bridge between Arduino and motors, enabling direction and speed control. It uses an H-Bridge circuit to allow motors to run forward, backward, or stop. In this project, Arduino sends control signals to the driver, which then powers the DC motors accordingly. Without the motor driver, the motors would not function properly. This component ensures safe operation by isolating Arduino from high motor currents while enabling full robot movement.
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4. DC Geared Motors
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5. Robot Chassis
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7. Jumper Wires
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8. Breadboard (Optional)
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9. Battery Holder / Power Supply
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Circuit Diagram
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Arduino Obstacle Avoiding Course

    The wheels are attached to the DC geared motors to provide mobility to the robot. They convert the rotational motion of the motors into linear motion, enabling the robot to move forward, backward, or turn. In this kit, plastic or rubber wheels are usually provided for better grip and smooth operation on different surfaces. Proper alignment of wheels is important to ensure the robot moves straight without deviation. The size of the wheels also affects speed and stability. Combined with the motors and chassis, wheels play a crucial role in determining the robot’s movement performance.