Jumper wires are essential for making electrical connections between components without soldering. They come in male-to-male, female-to-male, and female-to-female types, making them flexible for different pin connections. In the Line Following Robot, jumper wires connect the Arduino to the motor driver, IR sensors, and power supply. High-quality jumper wires ensure stable connections and prevent signal loss. Using a breadboard or direct pin connections, jumper wires make prototyping easy and error-free. Their reusability, flexibility, and reliability make them an important component in robotics, allowing quick assembly and modifications to the circuit as needed.