The L293D Motor Driver is an integrated circuit designed to control the direction and speed of DC motors. Since Arduino cannot directly supply enough current to drive motors, the L293D acts as a bridge between Arduino and motors. It allows control of two DC motors simultaneously in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. The motor driver uses an H-Bridge circuit to manage motor rotation safely. In the Line Following Robot, it receives commands from Arduino based on sensor inputs and drives the motors accordingly. This component ensures stable motor control, protecting Arduino from high current loads and voltage spikes.